医
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Chronic myeloid leukemia; incidence 1-2/100,000/y; age >60; M:F 1.5-3:1. Two symptom groups: myelodysplastic (cytopenias) + myeloproliferative (monocytosis/extramedullary infiltration).
血液科Special AML subtype (FAB M3). Improved outcomes/lower early mortality. Median age 30-38; <10 rare. M3 ~10% of AML in West, 18.7% in China, up to 20-30% in Northeast oilfields; Latin Americans higher; 10-15% adult primary AML.
血液科Myeloid leukemia; localized leukemic-cell infiltrate under periosteum/soft tissue; pale green (myeloperoxidase); round tumor-like mass. Mostly otherwise-healthy children; male > female; rapid course; death in weeks-months.
血液科Myeloproliferative disease; excess granulopoiesis (mature + immature). Early: cells retain differentiation, marrow normal. Stable years → blast crisis. Age 30-40; <20 rare.
血液科Acute leukemia (AL) = clonal hematopoietic-stem-cell malignancy; abnormal blasts overproliferate in marrow/hematopoietic tissue, spill to peripheral blood, suppress normal hematopoiesis, infiltrate organs. Anemia/infection/bleeding/hepatosplenomegaly/node
血液科HTLV-I-associated adult lymphoid malignant clonal proliferation; peripheral lymphocytes; marrow may be involved.
血液科Rare chronic clonal B-cell disorder; abnormal B cells have hair-like cytoplasmic projections; infiltrate marrow/spleen; splenomegaly, cytopenias, circulating/marrow hairy cells (HC).
血液科Rare lymphocytic leukemia; middle-aged/elderly, >50y, male predominance; peripheral lymphoid tumor of B/T-cell origin.
血液科Clonal lymphocytic neoplasm; lymphocytes accumulate in marrow/nodes/blood/spleen/liver. >95% B-CLL; <5% T-CLL.
血液科Neoplasm of B/T lymphoid progenitors; blasts proliferate/accumulate in marrow, suppress normal hematopoiesis → anemia/thrombocytopenia/neutropenia; also extramedullary (meninges/gonads/thymus/liver/spleen/nodes).
血液科Rare acute leukemia; primary vs secondary PCL (secondary from multiple myeloma/lymphoma/CLL/macroglobulinemia).
血液科Most common plasma-cell malignancy (myeloma/Kahler disease, 1889). Monoclonal plasma-cell proliferation secreting large monoclonal Ig. Incidence 2-3/100,000; M:F 1.6:1; age >40; Blacks 2x Whites.
血液科Lymphoplasmacytic malignancy; monoclonal lymphoplasmocytes secrete large amounts of structurally homogeneous, incomplete monoclonal Ig composed only of heavy chains (no light chains).
血液科IgM overproduction in blood = macroglobulinemia; primary (Waldenstrom) vs secondary. Primary: elderly onset, anemia, bleeding tendency, hyperviscosity syndrome; monoclonal IgM + lymphoplasmacytic bone-marrow infiltrate. Chronic; no chemo if asymptomatic;
血液科Hodgkin lymphoma (formerly Hodgkin disease/sarcoma) is a lymphocyte malignancy named after Thomas Hodgkin (1832). Starts in one node group then spreads; RS cells pathognomonic. Curable with chemo/radiation/BMT.
血液科Malignant lymphoid tumor; starts in one node group, spreads to other nodes/extranodal tissues; common in adolescents. Fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, anemia, pruritus, node enlargement. Now curable with chemo/radiation/bone marrow transplant.
血液科Penicilliosis is rare Penicillium infection; secondary to primary immunodeficiency/AIDS/neutropenia/diabetes/long-term steroids/anticancer drugs/antibiotics/artificial valves; skin = gumma-like ulcers in groin/genitalia/buttocks; pathology = inflammation
血液科Zygomycosis is acute/subacute/chronic opportunistic infection by Zygomycetes; worldwide; rising with immunodeficiency. Mucorales = acute, rapid, high mortality; Entomophthorales = chronic/granulomatous. Diagnosis by mycology/histopathology. Treat Mucorale
血液科Mucormycosis (phycomycosis/zygomycosis) is acute/systemic fungal infection by Mucorales (Rhizopus/Mucor/Absidia). Routes: respiratory/GI/skin/mucocutaneous; angioinvasive → thrombosis/ischemia/infarction/necrosis. Rising with immunodeficiency.
血液科Histoplasmosis capsulati is a worldwide granulomatous disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum.
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