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Mesenteric panniculitis is chronic inflammation/fibrosis of mesenteric fat; NSAIDs; glucocorticoids/colchicine/immunosuppressants; surgery if obstruction; follow-up gastroenterology/surgery.
消化内科GI bleeding is bleeding anywhere in GI tract; resuscitate, localize source (upper/lower), endoscopy/colonoscopy/angiography, treat cause, surgery if refractory.
消化内科Lower-GI bleeding is bleeding from small bowel/colon/rectum; resuscitate, colonoscopy (bowel prep), angiography, surgery if massive, treat cause (diverticular/angiodysplasia/IBD/hemorrhoids/tumor).
消化内科Upper-GI bleeding is bleeding from esophagus/stomach/duodenum; resuscitate, PPI, urgent endoscopy, treat cause (ulcer/varices/Mallory-Weiss/tumor), surgery/IR if refractory.
消化内科Gastric bleeding is upper-GI bleeding from gastric lesion; resuscitate, PPI, emergent endoscopy (clip/injection/cautery), surgery/angiography if refractory, treat cause (ulcer/gastritis/varix/tumor).
消化内科Hematochezia is passage of fresh blood per rectum; identify source (lower GI: diverticular/angiodysplasia/hemorrhoids/IBD), resuscitate, endoscopic/angiographic control, surgery if massive.
消化内科Afferent-loop syndrome is post-Billroth II afferent-loop obstruction; NPO/IV fluids, surgical revision, decompress, treat cholangitis/pancreatitis.
消化内科Postcholecystectomy syndrome is persistent biliary symptoms after cholecystectomy; investigate cause (retained stone/stricture/sphincter dysfunction/IBS), treat accordingly, ERCP if structural.
消化内科Residual antrum syndrome is post-Billroth gastrin hyperstimulation; PPI, revision surgery, monitor ulcer recurrence.
消化内科Dumping syndrome is postgastrectomy rapid gastric emptying; diet (small frequent low-sugar meals, fluids between meals), acarbose/octreotide, surgery if refractory.
消化内科Whipple disease is Tropheryma whipplei infection; prolonged antibiotics (TMP-SMX/penicillin), nutritional support, monitor relapse/endocarditis/neurologic.
消化内科Protein-losing gastroenteropathy is excessive GI protein loss; treat cause (IBD/celiac/Menetrier/cardiac/lymphatic), nutrition/albumin, diuretics, manage underlying disease.
消化内科Blind-loop syndrome is bacterial overgrowth in stagnant bowel; antibiotics, nutritional support, surgical correction of stasis, treat underlying cause.
消化内科Tropical sprue is tropical acquired malabsorption; tetracycline/folate, nutritional support, improve hygiene/water, monitor for megaloblastic anemia.
消化内科Cystic fibrosis is autosomal recessive CFTR disorder causing multiorgan disease; pancreatic enzyme replacement, nutrition, airway clearance, CFTR modulators, transplant for end-stage.
消化内科Pancreatic pseudocyst is post-pancreatitis fluid collection without epithelial lining; observation if small/asymptomatic, drainage (endoscopic/percutaneous/surgical) if large/symptomatic/infected.
消化内科Autoimmune pancreatitis (IgG4-related) is fibroinflammatory pancreatic disease; corticosteroids/immunosuppression, monitor relapse, treat associated IgG4 disease.
消化内科Chronic pancreatitis is chronic pancreatic inflammation/fibrosis; pain control, pancreatic enzyme replacement, treat cause (alcohol/gallstones), manage diabetes/malabsorption, surgery for complications.
消化内科Acute pancreatitis is acute pancreatic inflammation; NPO/IV fluids/analgesics, enteral feeding early, ERCP if biliary obstruction, surgery for necrosis/complications.
消化内科Biliary tract infection is cholangitis/cholecystitis from obstruction; antibiotics, biliary drainage (ERCP/PTCD), treat source (stones/stricture), monitor sepsis.
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